ABSTRACT Introduction and Objectives: Treatment of bulky lithiasis in continent and non-continent urine storage reservoirs has been widely described and debated (1). Less is known about the optimal treatment in patients with a Mitrofanoff conduit. If voiding in these patients is incomplete, leading to recurrent symptomatic bacteriuria, formation of large lithiasis can be a common long-term complication (2, 3). Materials and Methods: This video describes a 19-year-old woman who underwent major open surgery at the age of six, with the configuration of a continent intestinal reservoir with a Mitrofanoff conduit. In 2020, she was referred to our center with a large stone in the reservoir and a minor stone in the inferior left renal calyx. We decided to proceed using a percutaneous approach with an “endovision technique” puncture for the bladder stone, combined with a retrograde intrarenal surgery for the renal stone. The MIP System “M size” was used to perform the percutaneous procedure, thus allowing a single-step dilation. The puncture and the dilation were followed endoscopically with a flexible ureterorenoscope avoiding the use of x-rays. The procedure was carried out as follows. The first step consisted in the insertion of a hydrophilic guidewire through the Mitrofanoff conduit. A flexible ureterorenoscope was then inserted coaxial to the guidewire. The percutaneous puncture, using an 80G needle, was followed endoscopically. Two guidewires were inserted, the first as a safety guidewire and the second for the tract dilation. The “single-step” dilation technique using the MIP system was performed and followed endoscopically. For the bladder lithotripsy, a dual-action lithotripter that combines ultrasonic and mechanical energy was used. Finally, a flexible ureterorenoscope and a basket for the retrieval of a single inferior caliceal stone were used. The procedure ended after positioning a single J stent in the left kidney and a nephrostomy tube in the reservoir. Results: The operative time was 80 minutes and the fluoroscopy time was 6 seconds. Hemoglobin and creatinine serum levels remained stable after the procedure and the patient was discharged on the third post-operative day, after removing both the single J and the nephrostomy tube. Follow-up lasted 12 months, with no bladder or renal stone recurrence, maintaining good continence of the Mitrofanoff conduit. Conclusion: In patients who have undergone several major surgeries a mini-invasive approach is advisable, not only for the morbidity of an open approach, but also for the increased risk of complications while handling an intestinal reservoir. Regarding a pure endoscopic approach, the passage of a nephroscope or a cystoscope through the Mitrofanoff conduit, combined with the continuous traction during the lithotripsy, could damage and compromise its continence. For this reason, the percutaneous approach is the most suitable method in these specific and rare cases.

RESUMO Introdução e objetivo: A citologia de lavado peritoneal faz parte do estadiamento patológico dos adenocarcinomas de endométrio e ovário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência de citologias positivas para malignidade em pacientes com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de endométrio e/ou ovário, bem como a associação entre apositividade da citologia e as variáveis idade da paciente, tipo histológico da neoplasia e grau de diferenciação tumoral. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal retrospectivo e prospectivo por meio da análise dos laudos de citologia de lavado peritoneal e dos laudos anatomopatológicos de 43 pacientes com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma ovariano ou endometrial, disponibilizados pelo Centro de Patologia de Curitiba. Resultados: Em relação ao adenocarcinoma de endométrio, a prevalência de citologias positivas foi de 7%. Nem o grau de diferenciação tumoral (p = 1) nem a idade (p = 0,233) demonstram associação com a positividade. Em relação ao adenocarcinoma de ovário, a prevalência de citologias positivas foi de 20%. O grau de diferenciação tumoral demonstrou associação positiva significativa com essa positividade (p = 0,044); a idade não demonstrou associação (p = 0,804). Não foi possível verificar a associação com o tipo histológico das neoplasias por não aplicabilidade do teste estatístico. Conclusão: A prevalência de citologias de lavado peritoneal positivas para malignidade foi de 7% no adenocarcinoma de endométrio e de 20% no adenocarcinoma de ovário. Somente o grau de diferenciação tumoral dos adenocarcinomas ovarianos demonstrou associação significativa com a positividade do lavado peritoneal.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objective: Peritoneal washing cytology is part of pathological staging of adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and ovary. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of cytology positive for malignancy in patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium or ovary, as well as to verify the association between the positive cytology and the variables age of the patient, histological type of the neoplasm and degree of tumor differentiation. Method: A retrospective and prospective cross-sectional study was carried out through the analysis of peritoneal washing cytology reports and the anatomopathological reports of 43 patients diagnosed with ovarian or endometrial adenocarcinoma, provided by the Pathology Center of Curitiba. Results: In relation to endometrial adenocarcinoma, the prevalence of positive cytologies was 7%. Neither the degree of tumor differentiation (p = 1) nor age (p = 0.233) demonstrated association with such positivity. In relation to ovarian adenocarcinoma, the prevalence of positive cytologies was 20%. The degree of tumor differentiation showed a significant positive association with this positivity (p = 0.044). Age did not show association (p = 0.804). It was not possible to verify association with the histological type of neoplasms due to non-applicability of the statistical test. Conclusion: The prevalence of peritoneal lavage cytology positive for malignancy was 7% in endometrial adenocarcinoma and 20% in ovarian adenocarcinoma. Only the degree of tumor differentiation of ovarian adenocarcinomas showed a significant association with peritoneal washing positivity.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivo: La citología del lavadoperitoneal es parte de la estadificación de los adenocarcinomas de endometrio y ovario. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la prevalencia de citologías positivas para malignidad en pacientes con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de endometrio y/u ovario, así como la asociación entre positividadde la citologíay las variables edaddel paciente, tipo histológico de la neoplasiay grado de diferenciación tumoral. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal retrospectivoy prospectivo mediante el análisis de los reportes citológicos de lavado peritoneal y hallazgos anatomopatológicos de 43 pacientes con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma ovárico o endometrial, puestos a disposición por el Centro de Patologia de Curitiba. Resultados: En cuanto al adenocarcinoma de endometrio, la prevalencia de citologías positivas fue 7%. Ni el grado de diferenciación tumoral (p = 1) ni la edad (p = 0,233) mostraron asociación con la positividad. En cuanto al adenocarcinoma de ovario, la prevalencia de citologías positivas fue 20%. El grado de diferenciación tumoral mostró asociación positiva significativa con esa positividad (p = 0,044); la edad no mostró asociación (p = 0,804). No fue posible verificar la asociación con tipo histológico de las neoplasias por cuanto el test estadístico no sería aplicable. Conclusión: La prevalencia de citologías de lavado peritoneal positivas para malignidad fue 7% en el adenocarcinoma de endometrio y 20% en el adenocarcinoma de ovario. Solamente el grado de diferenciación tumoral de los adenocarcinomas ováricos demostró asociación significativa con la positividad del lavado peritoneal.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A espondilite anquilosante (EA) é uma doença inflamatória crônica de etiologia autoimune, cujo principal sintoma é a lombalgia crônica de caráter inflamatório, cujo tratamento e complicações representam um encargo considerável para a sociedade. Novas opções terapêuticas têm sido buscadas para o tratamento da dor lombar inflamatória refratária nos pacientes com EA. O objetivo foi apresentar dois pacientes portadores de EA com dor lombar refratária ao uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINES), que apresentaram importante melhora clínica com a duloxetina. RELATO DOS CASOS: Dois pacientes do sexo masculino com EA e dor lombar crônica inflamatória refratária ao uso de AINES, que usaram duloxetina (60 mg/dia) e apresentaram melhora clínica importante do quadro doloroso. CONCLUSÃO: A duloxetina se mostrou eficaz para a redução da intensidade da dor lombar crônica inflamatória em pacientes portadores de EA.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Its major symptom is chronic inflammatory low back pain, which treatment and complications represent a considerable burden to society. New therapeutic options have been studied to treat refractory inflammatory low back pain in AS patients. The objective was to present two AS patients with low back pain refractory to non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), who presented important clinical improvement with duloxetine. CASE REPORTS: Two male patients with AS and chronic inflammatory low back pain refractory to NSAIDs, who used duloxetine (60 mg/day) and presented major clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: Duloxetine was effective to decrease chronic inflammatory low back pain intensity in AS patients.